Helminthiases is one of the most common diseases in both children and adults. The human body is able to parasitize a variety of species of worms. There is an opinion, it is far from medicine, in which the worms affect the digestive tract, in fact, worms can parasitize virtually all of the internal organs – the liver, the lungs, the heart, the brain, the head, and the muscle tissue, the subcutaneous tissue and into the eye. The article talks about how it is not worms in humans.
Classification
There are a huge number of worms which can affect humans, some of the most common of them. Most of the worms belonging to one of 3 groups, trematodes, cestodes, or nematodes.
Flukes are a class of parasitic worms flat shapes, there are about 40 species of worms that affect human beings. The most common:
- a cat or Siberian Fluke (causes opisthorchiasis);
- Schistosoma (causing schistosomiasis).
Cestodes – tape worms, is a flat. The representatives of the cestodes is the digestive system. Most of the man are staggering:
- beef tapeworm (beef tapeworm infection, reason);
- pork tapeworm (causing cysticercosis);
- Echinococcus (hydatid cyst causing).
The Nematoda is roundworms, which is primarily abdominal pain. Common helminth affecting humans:
- pinworms;
- roundworm;
- the whipworm.
Worms in humans — signs in the picture, most of the worms affect the digestive tract, and, hence, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, intestinal obstruction, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite or excessive hunger):
A cat or Siberian Fluke
A cat or Siberian Fluke – a small parasite lanceolate, from a group of liver flukes. The causative agent of the disease opisthorchiasis. The length of the cat's Fluke and reach 8-18 mm in width and 1.2-2 mm. the Parasite develops in the body of the two hosts, both intermediate and final. The intermediate hosts – molluscs and fish, the carp, the ultimate man.
Along with the faeces of infected people and animals, the eggs get into freshwater reservoirs, where they ingest the shells. In the body of a mollusk eggs reach the infective stage – cercaria, cercaria leave the mollusk and implanted in the body of a cyprinid fish, or have in their bodies from eating fish and shellfish. In the body of a fish the parasite develops in the meta-cercaria in the cyst and its size is about 0.17-0.21 mm.
When you eat a contaminated fish, the infected people, their body is a meta cercaria leave the cysts on the stomach and the intestines, they pass into the liver and the bile ducts. In these organs, they remain a parasite, and 10-12 days for it to reach a Mature stage, they begin to lay eggs. In a man's body in a cat-Fluke, can parasitize up to 10-20 years.
Shistosoma
Schistosoma – blood flukes. This is a straight dioecious helminths, have a length of 4-20 mm, width – 0.25 mm. The body of shistosoma equipped with 2 suckers – oral and ventral, they are located close to each other. The women of the Schistosoma longer and thinner than the males. The body of the male has a longitudinal groove, and he has a girl. Their eggs are 0.1 mm in diameter, oval in shape, on the surface of one of the poles has a pole.
These worms Schistosoma in the role of the definitive host and choose the people in their own organisms that they parasitize in the small veins of the large intestine, abdominal cavity, uterus, bladder. The worms feed on blood, and partly absorb the nutrients through the cuticle. Eggs Schistosoma transported to the intestine and the urinary bladder, where Mature and are excreted out with the feces or urine. In fresh water the egg comes out the larva, their intermediate hosts – mollusks. In the body of a mollusk a meta cercaria cercaria develop in 4-8 weeks.
A beef tapeworm
Beef tapeworm – band parasite that causes the disease, beef tapeworm infection. This is a huge helminths are able to grow in 3-12 feet. The body of the parasite is a small head with a diameter of 3 mm, the neck, and roughly 1000 sections. After entering the human body, along with the raw infected meat, the tapeworm attaches to the intestinal wall with the aid of 4 suction cups.
In the hermaphroditic segments are deposited on the eggs of the helminth, at the annual level for a single person laying up to 600 million eggs. Like worms in humans, parasitic in the intestines of 20 years or more, if not timely medical treatment.
Pork tapeworm
Pork tapeworm as a bullish, the body has 4 suckers but in the direction of the main body of the helminth has a dual rim hooks. Reaches two to three feet in length. They have a pork tapeworm before the ovaries, at each side of the uterus, is a 7-to 12 branches. A characteristic feature of helminth – ability of the segments to crawl out of the anus. After the release of their coat becomes dry and falls, and the surrounding environment are helminth eggs. The intermediate host to the tapeworm, can be pigs, and humans.
The main host was a man. Intestinal parasites in humans include the pork tapeworm, is a helminth in the intestine of the patient, where it lays its eggs. The infection occurs in the use of the invasive meat.
Echinococcus
The causative agent of echinococcosis in the length is 3-5 mm. It consists of a head, having four suckers and two rim hooks, and three or four of the segments. The last segment has a highly developed reproductive system. The intermediate host – cattle and people, and the final host – dog, wolf. Infection occurs by the oral route.
Echinococcus enters the intestine, where the eggs will come out of the larvae. With the aid of the hooks of the larvae get into the portal vein, where it, together with the blood spread to the liver, lungs, muscle tissue.
Pinworms
Pinworms – roundworms, enterobiasis pathogens, ts.n. the disease of dirty hands. To a greater extent pinworm infection-prone children. Infection occurs orally and by contact-household. To detect these worms in the stool.
Women and helminths pinworms of the genus reach a length of 5-10 mm male to 3 mm. The body of the form, have pinworms fusiform milky white. At the end of the body, women have a little bit pointed. The adult worms are parasitic in the lower small intestine and the large intestine of an individual, to be attached to the wall using the head of the vesicles. In order to lay eggs, the female pinworms pass to the rectum, crawl out and lay eggs in the anal area, and then they die. Their eggs become infectious after 4-6 hours. The life cycle of a pinworm's life – from one to two months.
Roundworm
Roundworm – and even some of the representatives of the class of roundworms and parasites, the causative agents of ascariasis. This is the helminths yellowish – pink colour, have an elongated, spindle-shaped, dioecious. Female ascarids has grown to around 20-40 cm, males reach a total length of 15-25 cm. Each day a grown-up female roundworm lays more than 200 thousand eggs, which, together with excrements of the person to be released into the environment, where after 12-14 days of becoming invasive.
In the human body parasites in the gastrointestinal tract, localizes mainly in the small intestine. A full cycle of the development of the infective eggs to Mature stage takes about 3 months.
Whipworm
Whipworm round worms, causing trihozefalez. The worms are thin, brown nematode with a thin, threadlike anterior portion and a rounded posterior end. A female whipworm grows to 3.5-5.5 inches, and men up to 3-4,5 cm. The larvae of worms, man, are localized in the caecum, where it is parasitic to the stage of puberty, do not lay their eggs. With the massive invasion of helminths may also be taken of the large intestine, including the rectum.
Each day, the female whipworm lays on 3,5 thousand of eggs. Helminth eggs have a barrel-shaped, covered with a thick brown coat, the poles to be located to the colorless "hats". The eggs are in the soil along with the faeces of the primary host, under favorable conditions, they may be able to retain the pharmaceutical properties of up to two years of age. Time of parasitism in the human intestine is 5-7 years of age.